The heart, blood, and blood vessels are the major components of the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular physiology is a branch of physiology concerned with the study of the circulatory system, involving blood flow, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these depend on one another. Cardiovascular diseases include conditions that affect the structures or function of your heart or blood vessels. Increased peripheral vascular resistance pvr is the hallmark of established hypertension, but altered cardiac function also probably contributes to the raised blood pressure.
Cardiovascular system summary notes the cardiovascular. Pdf download cardiacvascular nurse exam flashcard study. Cardiovascular glossary az all texas heart institute. The cardiovascular system can be thought of as the transport system of the body.
Cardiovascular disease can refer to a number of conditions. The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients such as amino acids and electrolytes, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and ph, and maintain homeostasis. Human physiologythe cardiovascular system 2 myocardium the myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart. An overview of the cardiovascular system components. Development of cardiac and vascular disease is rapid, especially in young patients, and the phenotype resembles all aspects of an. The circulatory system the circulatory system and the lymphatic system most of the cells in the human body are not in direct contact with the external environment, so rely on the circulatory system to act as a transport service for them.
Delve into the human cardiovascular system to learn about the roles of red and white blood cells and plasmathe vascular system is a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that supplies blood to the tissues of the body. Learn more about the different types of cardiovascular diseases, their causes, and their treatment. Cardiovascular system components of the cardiovascular. In the diagram, the vessels that carry oxygenrich blood are colored red, and the vessels that carry oxygenpoor blood are colored blue. As the name implies, blood contained in the circulatory system is pumped by the heart around a closed circle or circuit of vessels as it. The cardiovascular system, there fore, consists of a closed circuit. Ekg ecg is a record of the electrical activity of the conducting system ecg is not a record of heart. The most dangerous and lifethreatening manifestation of allergic diseases is anaphylaxis, a condition in which the cardiovascular system is responsible for the majority of clinical symptoms and. The vascular port system is located under the skin and consists of two basic parts. Lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ldlc is the primary target for lipid. We are a notforprofit professional medical society, composed primarily of vascular surgeons, that seeks to advance excellence and innovation in vascular health through education, advocacy, research, and public awareness.
The autonomic nervous system significant regulator of cv function sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow affect heart rate, inotropy, and vascular tone to affect cardiac output, blood pressure, and distribution of blood flow parasympathetic vagus effects o the vagus nerves inhibit the cardiac pacemaker, atrial myocardium and av. Pathology of the cardiovascular system cardiovascular pathology is the study of diseases that affect the heart and vascular structures. Cardiovascular system heart anatomy healthengine blog. The cardiovascular system is more than just the curve, that is, the frankstarling curvewhich states that the left ventricular enddiastolic pressure is proportional to cardiac output. Cardiac muscle, like other muscles, can contract, but it can also conduct electricity, like nerves. The cardiac and vascular factors that determine systemic. This fact sheet will help you understand how these conditions differ. Vascular adapted interface with imaging and flow imaging 2 flow 1 pressure mqu1 cardiac and vascular adapted interface with imaging and flow imaging 2 flow 1 aux 1 pressure medistim miraq systems flow only standard configuration system profile channel configuration system features mqc0 cardiac adapted interface with flow only 2 flow 1 aux. Because these terms sound so similar, people use them interchangeably. In more clinical terms, pathologies that result in altered cardiac output, because of changes in stroke volume or heart rate, can be treated with drugs that. Large elastic arteries are important in damping the pulsatile flow created by the heart. Cardiacvascular exam flashcard study system uses repetitive methods of study to teach you how to break apart and quickly solve difficult cardiacvascular test questions on the test. The blood vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries. At any given moment, the rate at which blood returns to the heart from the venous system venous return may differ considerably a frot m the rate which the heart pump it outs int o the arterial system cardiac.
The cardiac and vascular factors that determine systemic blood flow matthew n. Anatomy of the heart and cardiovascular system texas heart. Know the differences cardiovascular disease, heart disease, coronary heart disease. The human cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, the blood it pumps, and the blood vessels, veins and arteries, through which the. There are many types, including coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure. Diseases of the myocardium, endocardium, pericardium, and vascular structures as well as congenital cardiovascular anomalies and tumors of the cardiovascular system will be discussed. The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular system develops early week3, enabling the embryo to grow beyond the short distances over which diffusion is efficient for transferring o. Like the bustling factory, the body must have a transportation system to carry its various cargos back and forth, and this is where the cardiovascular system steps in. Heart and blood vessel disease also called heart disease includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular system ans 215 physiology and anatomy of domesticated animals i.
The major structures that make this possible are the heart, blood vessels and blood. The average adult male has between 5 to 6 liters of blood or blood volume, while the average adult female has between 4 to 5 liters. Cardiovascular disease, any of the diseases, whether congenital or acquired, of the heart and blood vessels. The principal components considered to make up the cardio vascular system include the blood, blood vessels, heart. Pretest questions are used to determine how well these questions will perform before they are used on the scored portion of the examination. The heart is the systems pump and the blood vessels are like the delivery routes.
Vein any one of a series of blood vessels of the vascular system that carries blood from various parts of the body back to the heart, returning oxygenpoor blood to the heart. Development of cardiac and vascular disease is rapid, especially in young patients, and the phenotype resembles all aspects of an accelerated ageing process and latent cardiac failure. Cardiovascular system list of high impact articles ppts. Chapter 8 cardiovascular system diseases and disorders. Base is directed upward dorsal and forward cranial. Cardiovascular system components of the cardiovascular system.
The vascular tree can be affected by both atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis with both lipid rich plaques and abundant media calcification. Levy the cardiovascular system is a closed circuit. Twenty major arteries make a path through your tissues, where they branch into smaller vessels called arterioles. Arterioles arterioles, the dominant site of resistance to flow in the vascular system, play major roles in. Learn more about the types and treatments for different cardiovascular diseases. The gross physiology of the cardiovascular system 1 introduction at a time when knowledge about microvascular physiology and subcellular myocardial and vascular biochemistry has accumulated at such a tremendous rate, i perceive that a realistic global understanding of the cardiovascular system has been. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms snp have been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease in genetic association studies, but usually, their individual influence is small, and genetic contributions to cardiovascular disease are poorly understood. The lymphatic system is a component of the immune system and works closely with the cardiovascular system.
Cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. Stethoscopy laennec introduced in 1818 during surgery by harvey cushing precordial and esophageal stethoscopy now a days not used for continuous monitoring because for introduction of other methods. Mean arterial pressure can be estimated as diastolic pressure plus onethird pulse pressure. Beginning as a simple tube, the heart undergoes differential growth into a four chambered struc. Cardiovascular disease in a persons parents increases their risk by 3 fold. Pdf on oct 29, 2017, mohammed ubaid hussein and others published physics and the cardiovascular system find, read and cite all the. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Lymph is a clear fluid that comes from blood plasma, which exits blood vessels at capillary beds. Vascular diseases are conditions which affect your vascular system. Aug 17, 2015 the cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is the transportation system of the body.
Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, coronary heart disease whats the difference. Cardiovascular system human veins, arteries, heart. Arrangement of the cardiac muscle fibers latticework. The myocardium is composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells with an ability not possessed by muscle tissue elsewhere in the body. Larger arteries and veins are continuous with the heart as its base. Cardiovascular system heart study guide pdf bio 145 mcc. The lymphatic system is a vascular network of tubules and ducts that collect, filter, and return lymph to blood circulation. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of health problems and death in countries worldwide.
The heart and vascular system in dialysis the lancet. Atherosclerosis a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Examination of the cardiovascular system charlie goldberg, m. Autonomic nervous system the patient is 21 yrs old and has experienced frequent episodes of blurred vision, dizziness, faintness and syncope for as long as she can remember.
If you think youre ready for the cardiacvascular exam, test yourself using our cardiacvascular questions. Cardiac and vascular pathophysiology in hypertension heart. It consists of the heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries. Heart is a coneshaped, hollow, muscular structure located in the thorax. The heart is a muscular organ which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system provides the body with oxygen and nutrients. Cardiovascular system an overview sciencedirect topics. Cardiac monitoring presentation by dr deepti tiwari moderator dr upasana goswami 2.
Heart failure is also incredibly morbid, with a 5year mortality of 50%, which is worse than most common forms of cancer. The cardiovascular system, or cv, is a triumph of sophisticated design, but cardiovascular problems are also the predominant cause of death in many developed countries. Vasodilators any medicine that dilates widens the arteries. Vasopressors any medicine that elevates blood pressure. Cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle systems sciencedirect. Aneurysm a bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery. Pdf physics and the cardiovascular system researchgate. The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is the transportation system of the body. Of these, 150 are scored questions and 25 are pretest questions that are not scored. Click on related links for detailed views of the heart and cardiovascular system.
1224 229 377 1124 753 954 769 1219 746 1418 1285 1087 1032 1452 796 1479 1378 33 1137 791 428 1370 928 896 339 908 360 766 750 528 1094 1177